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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">animal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экология и животный мир</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ecology and Animal World</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-1647</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт экспериментальной ветеринарии им. С.Н. Вышелесского</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">animal-195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История открытия и таксономической идентификации paenibacillus larvae возбудителя американского гнильца пчёл</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History of the discovery and taxonomic identification of paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood in honey bees</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черник</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernik</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черник М.И., кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент</p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звягинцев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvyagintsev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Звягинцев В.Б., кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иващенко Л.О., магистр биологических наук</p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насонов И.В., доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор</p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуринович</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurinovich</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуринович О.Л., магистр биологических наук</p><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный технологический университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>РУП «Институт экспериментальной ветеринарии им. С.Н. Вышелесского»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черник М.И., Звягинцев В.Б., Иващенко Л.О., Насонов И.В., Гуринович О.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черник М.И., Звягинцев В.Б., Иващенко Л.О., Насонов И.В., Гуринович О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernik M.I., Zvyagintsev V.B., Ivashchenko L.O., Nasonov I.V., Gurinovich O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://animal.belal.by/jour/article/view/195">https://animal.belal.by/jour/article/view/195</self-uri><abstract><p>Американский гнилец является одним из наиболее опасных бактериальных заболеваний медоносных пчёл (Apis mellifera), вызывающих значительные экономические потери в пчеловодстве по всему миру. Несмотря на то, что клинические проявления заболевания были известны пчеловодам ещё в античные времена, его микробная природа оставалась неясной до конца XIX века. В данной статье представлено историко-научное исследование этапов открытия возбудителя американского гнильца и его таксономической идентификации. Показано, что формирование современного представления о возбудителе американского гнильца пчёл являлось длительным и многоэтапным процессом, включавшим эмпирические наблюдения, методологические ограничения ранней микробиологии и последующий пересмотр систематики на основе молекулярно-генетических данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>American foulbrood is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases of honeybees (Apis mellifera), causing significant economic losses in beekeeping worldwide. Although the clinical manifestations of the disease were known to beekeepers as early as antiquity, its microbial nature remained unclear until the late 19th century. This article presents a historical and scientific study of the stages of discovery of the causative agent of American foulbrood and its taxonomic identification. It demonstrates that the development of the modern understanding of the causative agent of American foulbrood was a lengthy and multi-stage process, including empirical observations, methodological limitations of early microbiology and the subsequent revision of taxonomy based on molecular genetic data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Paenibacillus larvae</kwd><kwd>американский гнилец</kwd><kwd>Apis mellifera</kwd><kwd>история микробиологии</kwd><kwd>бактерий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Paenibacillus larvae</kwd><kwd>American foulbrood</kwd><kwd>Apis mellifera</kwd><kwd>history of microbiology</kwd><kwd>bacterial taxonomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брюхоненко, А. П. Основы ветеринарной апиопатологии / А. П. Брюхоненко. – М. : Колос, 1962. – 214 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брюхоненко, А. П. 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