To date, a steady trend has emerged to increase production volumes and expand markets for products of animal origin. Omissions in ensuring the safety of these products can lead to various types of negative incidents. This situation necessitates the improvement of all components along the entire chain of receipt and movement of products of animal origin.
A review of literature sources devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of risk management in various fields of human activity using procedures based on the principles of HACCP was carried out. It has been established that management based on the analysis of hazards and critical control points is applicable to improve the efficiency of human activity in various fields and sectors of the economy, including veterinary medicine.
The article presents a retrospective and current analysis of the characteristics of the rabies epidemic situation in the territory of belorussian Polesie. During the 29-year period (1949–1977), 57 cases of hydrophobia in humans were registered in the region. In 64,9 % of cases the disease was caused by bites of sick domestic dogs. The rate of applications for antirabies treatment and the number of persons exposed to the risk of rabies infection (bitten, scratched or spat on by a rabies-sick or rabies-suspecting animal), remain high, exceeding in some years the republican indicators.
The article presents the results of research of the species composition and relative abundance of blood-sucking arthropods in settlements of various types of the Gomel region of Belarus. A total of 2 species of Ixodidae – Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794); 19 species of mosquitoes from 4 genera (Aedes (Meigen, 1818) – 16 species, Anopheles (Meigen, 1818), Culex (Linnaeus, 1758), Coquillettidia (Dyar, 1905) – 1 species each) and 3 black fly species from 2 subgenera (Eusimulium and Simulium) of genus Simulium (Latreille, 1802) have been found. The abundance of Ixodidae averaged 11,8±2,7 per flag/km; mosquito larvae – 63,4±15,8 ind. per square meter, adult – 20,3±5,1 ind. per sampling; black fly larvae and pupae – 19,0±9,6 ind. per square decimeters. The average relative abundance of Ixodidae on the territory of the city of regional subordination was over 1,5 times less than on the territory of the rural settlement.
The research results showed that an increase in the temperature of the aquatic environment by 10 ºС can be attributed to damaging stress factors, which also affect the resistance of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus. Studies have shown changes in the behavior and resistance of fish when infected with Trichodina sp. There is excessive secretion of mucus on the surface of the fish’s body and cloudiness of the water in the aquarium. As a result of the research, it was found that the level of cortisol in the blood of fish in the experimental group with preliminary exposure to an increase in the temperature of the aquatic environment by 10 ºC was 3,55 times higher (p<0,05) compared to the control group. Serum protein levels decrease by 28,36 % (p<0,05). A 2-fold increase in lysozyme activity was established (p<0,05). The level of phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes decreases by 19 % (p<0,05). When assessing the resistance of Acipenser ruthenus to infection by parasites, it is necessary to take into account the presence of stress factors that determine the degree of the damaging factor and play an important role in the formation of adaptation processes.
Studies were conducted to study the separate and combined effects of lycopene and β-carotene against the background of exposure of lead nitrate to apoptosis of cells of various functional specialization in the body. It has been shown that lycopene has a more pronounced cytoprotective effect compared to β-carotine, and with their combined effect, a cumulative effect is observed. Cytoprotective properties of lycopene are manifested in cell populations of different specialization (blood, bone marrow, thymus, spleen) under the conditions of exposure to lead nitrate and are expressed in reducing the level of cell death by the mechanism of apoptosis.
Conducted production studies of the morphofunctional properties of the udder of first-calf cows and their suitability for the use of modern milking equipment in the economic conditions of the large-scale agricultural enterprise OJSC «Novaya Vilia» in the Vileyka region showed that it is most rational to use primarily first-calf cows with an assessment of the linear exterior characteristics of the udder of 7,0 and 8,3 points, the level of profitability of milk production is higher than that of first-calf cows with a score of 4,4 points, by 2,5 and 1,2 percentage points, respectively.
The article presents a comparative assessment of sea fish supplied to the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus as a source of essential macro- and microelements in the diet.
The study was carried out by analyzing the reporting documentation of the GA “Central Veterinary Laboratory of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus” and information on the chemical elemental composition of various types of marine fish present in the diet of military personnel of Belarus for the period from 2016 to 2023.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause acute infectious diseases in various carnivorous animals. This study aims to develop an indirect ELISA method for CDV antibody detecting.
Using the purified recombinant CDV antigens as coating agents, and after optimizing the conditions, a preliminary ELISA detection method for CDV specific antibodies was established. The optimal coating concentration of recombinant CDV antigen at 2,0 μg/mL 100 μL/well, overnight coating at 4 °C, blocking at 4 °C for 4 h, serum dilution at 1: 200 and incubation at 37 °C for 1,5 h or 2 h, or 4 °C overnight. No cross-reactivity was observed with CPIV, CAV-1, and CCV antibody-positive serum, indicating good specificity. Both intra-batch and inter-batch CVs were below 5 %, and the detection sensitivity reached 1:500.
